Globally, the transport sector consumed 27.6% of global energy use, where liquid fuels are the dominant source. Transportation alone accounts for more than 50 percent of worlds consumption of liquid fuels, and this share is likely to grow to over 60% by 2035. Within the transport sector energy consumption and therefore CO2 emissions are dominated by road, followed by aviation and shipping. 2.2% of this energy is consumed by rail sector, which means that 0.6% of the world’s energy is consumed by railways. This energy usage is categorized for traction power (used to power trains) and for non-traction (used mainly in buildings). Further, Railways are considered as safe, energy efficient & low carbon mode of transport & has a pivotal role not just in the economic progress of any country but is being increasingly viewed as the key player in switching over to a low carbon and sustainable society by attracting passengers from other modes of transport, optimise electrification, incorporating technological innovations & building up capacity and resources.

The amount of passenger-km transported by rail in the world grew by 130% since 1975. India is the major contributor in this area. The demand for energy in railways is increasing to meet the requirement of the increasing rail traffic. So Implementation of energy efficiency measures in rail transportation is an important agenda in various countries to achieve sustainable rail transportation with the increasing growth in rail traffic.

Indian Railway (IR) has one of the world's largest rail networks comprising 115,000 km (71,000 mile) of track over a route of 65,436 km (40,660 mile) and 8,495 stations. In 2014-15, IR carried 8.397 billion passengers i.e. more than 23 million passengers a day besides 1050 million tons of freight. By 2015, electrification of tracks on Indian Railways has been extended up to 26,000 km which constitutes around 40% of the total Railway Network.

As per “Indian Railways Vision Document 2020” IR has plans to achieve the cumulative target of 33,000 km electrification of its existing tracks. This indicates that energy consumption of IR is going to increase substantially in coming years.

Currently, Indian Railways is putting efforts to implement energy efficiency measures in railways to reduce the reliance on the conventional sources of energy which are getting costlier with rapid growth in their demand while their sources are limited or getting exhausted and to reduce the GHG emissions. Even though rail is more energy efficient than most other transport modes, the enhancement of energy efficiency is an important issue for Indian Railways to reduce their contributions to climate change further as well as to save and enlarge competitive advantages.

IR accounts for close to 1.8 per cent of the country’s total electricity consumption (IR utilized more than 17.5 billion kilowatt-hour (kWhr) electricity in 2014-15). IR’s energy consumption has been increasing over the years. During the period 2009-14, while the electricity consumption for traction has increased by 20 % for non-traction it increased by 0.16% only. Indian Railways has developed a long-term Energy Efficiency and Conservation Program (EECP) (2010-2032). The Program aims at progressively introducing a number of energy efficient technologies and measures in the railway system. Indian Railways has been taking steps towards energy efficiency and has been reducing its specific electricity consumption by about 3.0 % on year to year basis, in both traction and non-traction areas. However, considering the energy efficiency opportunities available and the upcoming expansion there it is felt that there is immense scope to further improve upon this by adopting and use of innovative energy efficiency technologies, solutions and best international practices.

Some of the steps earlier initiated by IR, keeping the long term perspective in mind for energy conservation are:

• Going for three phase Energy Efficient technologies for Electric locomotives and Electrical Multiple units (EMUs)
• Introduction of energy efficiency measure for non traction uses, like going for LED lights, use of star rated electrical equipment only etc.

In Indian Railways the average growth in electricity consumption for traction application between years 2007-2008 to 2013-2014 was around 20 % and the rise in electricity cost over this period was 50%. In the same period the freight on electric increased by 41% and passenger traffic increase by 36%.

It means that with only about 20% extra energy 41% freight growth has been achieved. This has happened due to induction of energy efficient locomotives on IR. This is due t0 improvement in SEC by 17.6% in the same period.

Specific Energy Consumption for Electricity (in kWH/000 GTKMs) for Five Years from 2009-2010 to 2013-2014

The total Electric Energy bill for IR in the year 2014-15 was about 11000 crores and the Diesel bill was about 18000 crores. Indian railways had been working continuously to improve its energy uses by induction of latest energy efficient technologies. These efforts have been regularly recognized at the National level as many of its establishments have won prestigious National Energy Conservation Awards over the years. It had remained the largest winner of BEE awards year after year. In the last five years it had bagged 64 No. of energy conservation awards. These measures like introduction of three phase Electric locomotive technology, use of power factor correction capacitors at Traction Sub Station TSS, use of T5 lighting, high efficiency pumps, 3* and above rating equipment and various other energy efficiency measures have resulted into a total saving of about 2500 crores in its electricity bill over last 5 years. As per the estimates Railways have been saving more than 400 M Units of electric energy through these means in its Electric Traction and Non Traction energy uses. These measures by Indian Railways have resulted into huge savings of electricity for non-traction applications despite increase in connected load by about 5%. Further to it IR has chalked out an ambitious plan to save on 10-15% energy in next 5 yrs.

Initiatives for improving the energy utilization on IR:

i. Energy Audits

World over it has been recognized that continuously auditing various energy consumption centers in the light of latest technological solutions available for energy saving brings out the potential areas of energy saving and after carrying out A B C analysis of these areas, investment planning be done. Accordingly all Zonal Railways and Production Units have been asked to carry out fresh energy audits on consumption centers of more than 100 KW of electric energy and identify areas having energy saving potential. Railways have been given target to complete analysis for such units using both external and internal means (using our own officers and staff as well). While railways have already starting taking actions on their earlier audits and have started looking for savings across all the establishments based on these earlier audits, however new audits will provide potential areas with respect to latest technological developments and based on these Energy Audits, will take up technology up gradation works. They will also assess the benefits in energy saving on implementation of these new technologies, to decide on expansion of uses of such identified new energy efficiency technologies. Railways through these audits will also identify areas of energy wastage and will devise means of monitoring to avoid such wastages.

In 2014-15, Railways consumed about 2.5 billion units for non-traction electric power with average cost of power of about Rs. 6.50 per unit. The initial assessments have brought out that on non Traction side lighting consumes about 25-40%, water pumping 30-35%, fans about 15% and air-conditioning about 10-15% energy. Accordingly detailed energy audits will be undertaken in areas like water pumping stations, air conditioning, lighting etc. for assessing energy saving potential.

ii) Adoption of LED lighting

With recent advancement in LED lighting technology, which has substantially brought down the prices of LED lights to a level where LED lights have become cost-effective as compared to all other means of lighting, with pay back periods of about 2-3 years and with 5 years warranty, there by reduced maintenance costs, it has been decided by Railways to use only Led lighting in future, in all new establishments and for replacement of old lights in railway offices, stations, street lights etc. A policy directive to this effect was issued by the Ministry on 17th April 2015. Railways probably are the first organization to issue policy directive to use only LED lighting for all its future establishments and for replacements of existing light fitting on completion of their life. Railways are further working to take more policy decision for introduction of energy efficient equipment

iii) Super- Efficient Ceiling Fans for railway quarters, offices, railway stations

The super-efficient (SE) fan consumes 35W as compared to the current market average of 60W. The SE fan is also significantly more efficient than the 5 star rated fan (most efficient fan) which consumes about 45- 52 W. In case conventional fans are replaced with super-efficient fans (Brush Less DC motor), there exists an energy saving potential of 30-50%. Looking at the huge use of this appliance in Railways, IR has taken up a pilot project for using SE fans on Northern Railways.

iv) Energy Management System

In order to achieve sustained efforts on Energy Efficiency and Fuel Conservation on Indian Railways, all railways units are taking up implementation of ISO: 50001 (Energy Management system). The units which are already certified for ISO: 9001 and ISO: 14000 will take lead in the initial phase, as it would be easier for them to adopt such a standard.

The ISO 50001 is the International Standard for Energy Management System providing a robust framework for optimising energy efficiency in public and private sector organisations. Certification to this standard demonstrates an organisation’s commitment to continual improvement in energy management, allowing them to lead by example within their respective industries and ensures that related legislative and regulatory requirements are met. The key benefits of certification include:

• Reduced operating cost - Significant financial savings can be achieved through increased energy conservation
• Improved energy efficiency- ISO 50001 is the most robust energy management system, enabling to make continual improvements to become as efficient as possible
• Reduced carbon footprint - It reduces the carbon footprints and people will respond positively to the organisation
• Legal compliance - Makes understand how statutory and regulatory requirements impact the organisation and stay on the right side of the law
• Proven business credentials - Independent verification against recognised standards enhances the brand value of the organisation.

Energy Efficiency:

IR has been actively taking Policy initiatives by issuing of various Guidelines/ Circulars on General Power Supply Systems like use of LED lights, Star rated equipments etc. Listed below are some of the major Policy Guideline/ Circulars and manual issued for Energy Conservation and energy management in Indian Railways in the recent past:

• Use of energy efficient LED lights in place of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) and incandescent lamps (GLS).
• Directions to carry out energy audit.
• Development and issue of Energy Audit Manual & Standard Template for Contract Procedure for Energy Audits Services for Indian Railways Installations by RDSO.
• Use of star labelled products on Railways.
• Direction to take benefits of DELP scheme for LED bulbs for railway staff.

Recently IR signed MOUs with Min. of Power and BEE for co-operation to improve Energy Conservation on IR in the presence of Shri Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu, Minister of Railways, Shri Piyush Goyal, Minister of State Independent Charge for Power, Coal and New & Renewable Energy. The main points of the MoU are:

• Ministry of Power and Ministry of Railways to share knowledge on various developments in the power sector to reduce the cost of power to Railways.
• Ministry of Railways and Bureau of Energy Efficiency will identify technologies to further improve efficient utilization of Energy on Railways.

In addition a MOU between Railway Energy Management Company Limited and Energy Efficiency Services Limited for implementation of Energy Conservation projects over Railways was also signed.

These MoUs, aims to provide a frame work for promoting future solutions and facilitate Railways bring a change in its energy mix. This is also needed looking at the requirement of the present time which wants close co-ordination between stakeholders, working together and understanding each other to make faster deliveries to people. These MoUs will pave for efficient and reliable utilization of resources in the power sector for making it possible for the Railway to take benefits of various developments taking place in the power sector as a whole.

On this occasion a MoU was also signed between MNRE and Min of Railways. Railways are one of the biggest consumers of power in the country and would like to become leader in the renewable sector and master the technologies leading to efficiency utilization of energy. These 3 MoUs with Ministry of Power (MoP), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) and Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) will take care of complete power sphere from Railways perspective covering generation of power to demand side and make it possible for Government of India to show case how learning from each other can take you ahead in exploiting world class technologies and provide cheaper services to the people at large. These MoUs will also provide Railways the technical expertise, and open training facilities available in the power sector, to Railways.

IR had been very conscious about saving energy, as energy saved is energy generated. It started energy conservation journey much earlier and at every satge took the benefit of best available technology, weather it was replacement of T-8 FTL by energy efficient T-5 & CFL fittings, provision of LED lights, energy efficient ceiling fans, occupancy sensors, use of star rated equipments etc. These efforts had earlier resulted into a saving of 1.03% of electricity for non traction application during 2011-12 despite about 5% increase in connected load.

The National Energy Conservation awards won by Zonal Railways in the past are as under:-

Some of the major measures implemented/ being implemented on the non-traction side for energy conservation are listed below:

• Replacement of tube lights with LED tube lights.
• Use of energy efficient water coolers.
• Replacement of 90 W ceiling fans with 60 W ceiling fans.
• Pump automation with GSM based techniques.
• Use of energy efficient pumps.
• Micro-controller based Automatic Platform Lighting Management System with segregation of 70% / 30% circuits.
• Use of 3 stars and above labelled electrical products and equipment
• Solar based LED lighting system for level crossing gates.
• Use of solar water heater in place of electric geyser.
• Occupancy sensors in offices.
• Under the Clean Development Mechanism 14 Lakhs CFL were given free of cost by IR to its employees in the year 2009-10. This project was extremely successful and got registered with United Nations Framework Conventions on Climate Change (UNFCC) on 26 Nov 2010.
• Pilot project under IR-UNPD programme on “Energy Efficiency in Indian Railways” on online Meter Data Acquisition (MDAS) has been taken up in the Delhi Division for automatic and smart control of various load types. Such system will help to reduce and eliminate wastage of power through real time monitoring and control.

Energy Efficient LED based Facade Lighting at Bikaner Railway Station (North Western Railway)

LED Lighting at Booking Office, Jaipur

Ministry of Power through M/s Energy Efficiency Service Limited (EESL) is facilitating for distribution of 7 Watt energy efficient LED bulbs for people at large under Domestic Efficient Lighting Programme(DELP). This benefit can also be made available to Railway staff..

One such successful activity of providing benefit of LED lamps was initially started at DLW, Varanasi and thereafter extended to all the locations taken up by EESL. The distribution of energy efficient LED bulbs is planned to be taken up covering all staff at all the stations of Indian Railways. .

The use of energy efficient LED lamps saves substantial energy and thereby will reduce energy bill for each household. This will as well reduce energy load on Railway system. More than 1.5 lakh LED lamps has been purchased by Railway staff within 3 months in the Zonal Railways.

IRICEN New Administrative Green Building.

Indian Railway Institute of Civil Engineering (IRICEN) is a Premier Cetralised Training Institute caters to training needs of Indian railway officers, Railways related PSUs (DFCCIL, IRCON, RIETS, KRCL, NTPC etc) and overseas Railway organization. It is a four story building equipped with well-lit ergonomic air-conditioned class rooms with modern teaching aids, a full- fledged computer center, well equipped Lab, Library and Model room. It has capacity to train upto 200 persons at a time. The IRICEN shifted to new complex in Nov 2013. Hon’ble President of India awarded Green Building award to IRICEN on 14.02.2013 at New Delhi .

1. Energy Saving Features:

Total Energy saved 46% (which is rare for such types of buildings) by:

• Building design with Day light features including additional opening in the middle to improve availability of natural light in the building.
• Energy Efficient LED lighting fixtures with Occupancy Sensors.
• Efficient VRV AC Units with COP up to 4.85.
• Provision of renewable energy using 40 KVA Solar Photo voltaic cells.
• Insulation on south & west sidewalls with double wall of fly ash bricks with 25mm insulation filler in cavity.
• Double glazed high performance glass windows on south, west & east.

Salient features

• Year of commencement: 2009-10
• Year of completion: January 2012
• Cost : Rs.18.00 Cr (Approx)
• Type of structure : R.C.C. Framed
• No of floors : G+4
• Each floor area : 881 Sqm
• Total Plinth Area : 4405.90 Sqm

Key objectives as a Green Building

• Reduce energy consumption
• Reduce water consumption and efficient water management
• Efficient use of resources during construction
• Reduce construction waste
• Reduce destruction in ecology

Environmentally sound technologies

• Building is designed with 40% glazing area and with 2 cut outs to give more lighting thus reducing the conventional energy demand. Lighting is designed optimally. Energy consumption index and thermal comfort are fully met. With the above measures the power saving is to an extent of 20% is achieved compared to similar buildings.
• The daily water consumption by the building has been reduced by 50% using low flow Sensor based Urinals, taps and dual flushing tanks.
• The waste water is treated to tertiary standards in the Sewage Treatment Plant which works on FAB technology. The treated waste water is used for lawn and plant watering.
• The building is first Green building on Indian railways and is conferred with “THREE STAR RATING” by GRIHA for its meticulous planning and execution with all Green concepts.
• Rain water harvesting is provided for the full quantity of rain water coming from the roof top and circulation areas which is about 48 lakh litres per year against consumption of about 25 lakh litres per year.
• Stand alone solar street lighting system with programmable day light sensing controller for outdoor lighting have been used.

Buildings in India have energy efficiency potential of 20-30% in terms of energy consumption, Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE) has recently started a scheme for star rating of office buildings based on specific energy usages. The scheme rates office buildings earning 1-5 star scale with 5 star label buildings being most efficient. Five categories of building – office buildings, hotels, hospitals, malls and IT parks in five climate zones in the country have been identified for this programme.

Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has started endorsing all major office buildings which have connected load of 500 KW or more on Energy Performance Index. The star rating program for buildings would created a demand in the market for energy efficient buildings based on actual performance of the building in terms of specific energy usage. In view to promote energy efficiency Railways have been advised vide Board’s letter under reference(i) to get star rating for all major buildings which have connected load of 500 KW and more from BEE. The following Railway has been star rated by Bureau of Energy Efficiency.

Integral Coach Factory (ICF), Chennai Administrative Building has been awarded ‘5 Star’ rating by Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), Ministry of Power, Government of India, on 13th July 2015. The ‘5 star’ rating of this building is the highest rating in the category of ‘Office Building’ instituted by BEE.

ICF Administrative building comes under the category of ‘air-conditioned building in warm and humid climatic zone’ and this building has achieved energy performance index of 93.85 kWh/sqm/annum, against BEE’s norms of 100 kWh/sqm/annum. ICF has achieved this performance index by adopting effective energy conservation measures and installation of energy efficient equipments in the building. Few of the Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) adopted are installation of 3 Star and above rating air-conditioners, VRF controlled air-conditioning system, replacement of conventional controls in lifts with VVF controls, provision of occupancy sensors in the chambers and wash rooms, LED lighting, LED facade lighting in place of flood light system.

Electrical Multiple Units (EMU) -.

1. 116 energy efficient AC/DC rakes with 3 Phase IGBT type propulsion system have been introduced in Mumbai Suburban area with regenerative braking feature since 2007. In Western Railways the total energy generation of 64 EMU rakes with regenerative braking is 82.6 million KWh per annum and total saving is approx. Rs. 65.39 Crs. per annum. In Central Railway the total energy regeneration of 52 EMU rakes with regenerative braking is 66.7 million KWh per Annum and total saving is Rs. 53.53 Crs. per Annum.

Energy cost saving due to 1500 V DC to 25 KV AC conversion of electric traction system in Mumbai suburban section of Western Railway.

1.0 Commissioning status of DC-AC conversion project :

• Up through and Dn. through new line Borivali – Virar --16.7.2007
• Up local & Dn. Local lines Borivali – Virar section ---28.2.2010
• Vile Parle to Borivali all lines --- 13.11.2011
• Vile Parle to Churchgate section --- 05.02.2012

2.0

• EMU rakes with regenerative braking 74 rakes.
• WAP5 locos with regenerative braking based at BRC shed 38 locos.

2.0 Electricity consumption (in MU )and traffic hauled (in Million GTKM) in Mumbai suburban area from year 2007-08 onwards

• Increase in traffic in GTKM ------- 37.23%

• Whereas increase in energy consumption ------- 7.23%

3.0 It may be noted from the table that 10043.39 million GTKM were hauled by consuming 341 MU in the year 2013-14 whereas 7318.32 Million GTKM of traffic was hauled by consuming 318 MU in the year 2007-08. As per the energy efficiency with the traction system prevailing in the year 2007-2008, 10043.39 Million GTKM would have been hauled by consuming 436 MU. This figure has been achieved by projecting energy consumption of 2007-08 on pro-rata basis to year 2013-14. Actual consumption in the year 2013-14 is 341 MU, thus there is saving of (436 MU - 341 MU) = 95 MU. This implies that there is net saving of 21.71% of energy in the year 2013-14 due to conversion and regenerative braking system of EMU & locos.

4.0 As per prevailing tariff in Mumbai suburban area, cost of energy is Rs. 6.86 per unit in 2013-14 . The annual saving of 95 MU has accrued energy cost saving of Rs. 65.2 Crores (Rs 6.86 x 95 MU) which is 27.8% of energy bill paid of Rs. 233.92 Crores in the 2013-14 in Mumbai suburban area.

• 70 numbers of energy efficient rakes are under manufacturing at ICF with 3 phase IGBT based propulsion system and regenerative braking system to replace DC EMU rakes.
• Capacitor banks have been provided for improvement of power factor and to reduce feeder current in LHB EOG AC coaches and Power.
• Power Factor Correction ensures that PF is maintained over 0.95 in traction sub-stations.
• Switching off of standby transformer in traction sub-stations saves about 0.3-0.5 % of the total annual traction energy consumption.
• Provision of coasting boards and power boards in the route for trains to regulate power on falling and raising gradients.
• OHE voltage at 27.5 kV maintained by suitable operation of tap position during day & night.
• Switching off yard lights to required minimum at traction sub-stations.
• Calibration of Trivector meter is conducted yearly to maintain the accuracy of meters 0.5 class:
• To ensure sparkles current collection, OLIVER'G' is regularly used for attending spark location and maintaining spark free current collection.
• Regular energy audit of traction sub-station and its implementation.
• Electric loco idling in sheds and yards are kept shunt down
• Regular counselling of Loco Pilots for switching 'OFF' blower in case yard detention is more than 15 minute.
• Regular counselling of Loco Pilots for resorting to maximum coasting.
• Switching of trailing loco in case of multi units (MU).
• Microprocessor based Energy Meters have been provided in the all-Electric Locomotives of ELS/BIA to monitor the energy consumption. Specific energy consumption (SEC) of the locomotive can be calculated & compared with the benchmark values to take corrective measures.
• Benchmarking of energy consumption.

Indian Railways has taken up analysis of its Traction and non traction power consumption data through logging all data on Vidyut Energy a Railsaver Website which was launched on 15th April 2014.

Key Features of the system:

• Energy Consumption Trend Monitoring
• Dashboard Monitoring
• Customized Reporting
• Online Easy to use portal
• Decision Support System
• SMS Notification

Major Modules

• Energy Consumption Modules
• Energy Conservation Modules
• Renewable Energy Modules
• Dashboard Modules and Planning Modules
• Annexure Reports Module
• Customized Reports Modules
• Organization Hierarchy, Message Centre, Image Galley etc.

In order to further improve upon energy efficiency IR has taken up some pilot projects for Energy efficiency improvement with an aim to multiply such successful projects in the coming days.

1. Optimal light control system

Optimal light controlling system is a comprehensive system which controls lighting load of all kinds. This is a fully programmable system by which reduction in energy consumption is achieved by reducing the applied voltage without proportionate reduction in the illumination level.

2. Smart sense & smart Grid system

The project aims to monitor the energy consumption and the energy generation from the diesel generators, total running hours, total black out hours, blackout frequency, etc. to provide the visualization & Energy Management services in building complex.

3. Retro-fitment of LED lights in non AC coaches

The existing tube light fittings have limitations in brightness, uneven distribution in lights, frequent maintenance/ replacement over the period of time, poor visibility due to ingression of foreign particles/dust and more power consumption.

In order to overcome the limitations of tube light fittings, energy efficient LED based low maintenance & long life Tube Light (two feet 9 Watt ) suitable for operation on 110V DC including mounting arrangement for illumination in different coaches of Mail/Express Passenger trains has been introduced as replacement to the existing tube lights which saves upto 40% 0f energy.

4. Automatic light & fan control for New Delhi Railway Station

It consist of GPRS based Intelligent Field Devices (IFDs) installed inside Light Feeder Pillars for monitoring and control of lights from central SCADA over the internet.

5. Automation of pumping arrangement

This scheme improves system efficiency/ performance, safety of equipment/ people, and reduction in downtime by way of timely maintenance attention. This system works through Remote Terminal Units at the tube well pump sites. These RTUs communicate, via GPRS with the central server. Software for monitoring and control is used and is through a web browser via Internet. The web based application software allows configuration of reports, alerts and alarms.

6. Provision of Super energy efficient fans (DLI-200, UMB-200)

The super efficient ceiling fan consumes about 35W for the same output to a conventional ceiling fan and saves more than 50% electrical energy comparison with conventional ceiling fan.

35 W Energy Efficient Ceiling Fans

7. Installation of VVVF, Variable voltage variable frequency drives for lifts

The elevator comprise of a VVVF drive, functionally integrated with the elevator controller to control the driving motor. The VVVF based technology ensure the elevators movement with speed control. The VVVF drive also result in smooth acceleration/de-acceleration during the motor starting/stopping for reducing/limiting the starting current and the frictional wear & tear of the brake liner. VVVF drive have closed loop system with all type of safety, floor leveling control with LED scrolling display system, car operating panel with call buttons, hall buttons, up/ down indictors, ARD complete with shaft wiring and all other associated accessories/ equipments required for replacement of existing controller with VVVF drive in the existing 8 passengers, 8 stops & 8 opening lift (max.) as per ISS & IE rules and RDSO spec. No. RDSO/2013/EM/SPEC/0016 (Rev ‘O ‘).

8. Provision of Solar pumps

An energy efficient five star rated 1.5 HP solar powered stainless steel pump has been commissioned on level x-ing gate near Amritsar Railway station. The system consists 8 nos. solar photovoltaic modules with a total capacity of 2 KWp, 3.5 KVA power control unit, battery bank of 100 AH capacity with power back up upto 3 hours. This will save Approx. ` 20,000/- per annum.

(i) Setting up of Electric Locomotive Factory at Madhepura, Bihar through JV for manufacture of 12000 HP Electric Locomotives:

• 87% energy efficiency.
• These locos will also reduce CO2 emission of 350-500 tonne per loco per annum due to regeneration as a result of IGBT technology.

(ii) Procurement of 9000 HP Electric Locomotives

These locomotives are to be energy efficient with regenerative braking features and equipped with IGBT Propulsion technology for use on Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC).

(iii) Procurement of Train sets (15 Sets - 315 Cars; out of 315 Cars 40 could be imported and 275 to be Made in India) :

• 20-30% energy efficient over loco hauled trains (improved regenerative braking and Head On Generation (HOG) scheme of train power supply, lighter weight )

(iv) Setting up of Rail Coach Factory at Kanchrapara, West Bengal through JV for manufacture of EMU/MEMU coaches:

• These EMUs Help in improving efficiency due to regeneration.

South Central Railway

• Use of BEE 5-star rated split air-conditioners against over-aged window air-conditioners of service life more than 10 years.
• Provision of solar hybrid air-conditioners in lieu of conventional only evaporative cycle air-conditioners. Railway has provided such air-conditioners of 6 Nos. at Electric Loco Shed, Kazipet.
• Use of LED lighting/induction lighting in high mast tower light provided in circulating area and goods yard. 800 W metal halide fitting is replaced with 150 W induction lamps and 400 W metal halide is replaced with 80 W induction lamps.
• Provision of 70% light control system at railway stations through wireless key tag control, in hand of Dy. SS on duty with 15 minutes off delay timer.
• Operation of high mast light in station circulating area through 70% control lighting on platform with 30 minutes off delay timer. 16 High mast Lights are covered under this scheme. Rest are being covered.
• Provision of 15 minutes off timer in rolling examination lights and provision of LED/induction lamps in rolling examination lights.
• Replacement of T8/T12 with T5 FTL lightings in all offices, office buildings and also residential quarters on first occupancy.
• Provision of clock timer control in all water coolers, in office premises and at railway stations.
• Provision of single sort 30 minutes off delay timers in station lighting at passenger halt stations.
• Provision of Current Transformer based one shot cut off control on electric geysers provided at running rooms and retiring rooms.
• Provision of day light censor type control on street lighting in important colonies.
• Provision of timer based street light controls in other colonies.
• Provision of door operated limit switch control for air-conditioners provided in the hospital wards.

i) Initiatives taken for energy audits and developing benchmarks for energy consumption points

Traction:

Energy audit is done at Krishna Canal Traction sub-station, report is awaiting.

Non-Traction:

• Energy audit at 142 locations have been completed upto March, 2015. During 2015-16, 30 locations have been identified out of which energy audit at 9 locations have been completed, balance will be completed on or before the month of December, 2015.
• Bench marking: The concept of light power density (LPD) in service building introduced. The divisions are advised to achieve LPD bench marking of 11.8 watts/sq.m.
• The benchmarking of major consuming loads will be taken up accordingly.

ii) Initiatives taken leading to savings in traction and non-traction energy

Traction:

• Energy conservation by switching off of standby transformers.
• Shutting down off the locomotives in trip-sheds, fright sheds yards & enroute for more than 30 minutes.
• Switching off blowers whenever the train is stopped for more than 5 minutes.
• Extensive usage of regenerative braking for trains working with three phase locos.

Non-Traction:

• Complete shutting down 5000 kVA power sub-station with 1750 kVA MD and feeding the load through ring main circuit by other 5000 kVA with 3800 kVA MD sub-station during weekends (Saturday and Sunday).
• Shutting down of all standby transformers from primary side to eliminate ‘no load’ current.
• Complete shutting down of transformers which are feeding only pumping stations in off pumping period.
• Switching off of air-conditionining load feeder before and after office timing and also during lunch time.

iii) Initiatives taken for improving the designs to improve energy utilization

• Use of SPV hybrid air-conditioners over conventional evaporative type air-conditioners.
• Provison of VVVF drives in traversers, EOT cranes and air handling units of centralised air-conditioning.
• Provision of VVVF drive in dyno drive testing.
• Provision of energy efficient battery charging plant for charging locomotive batteries.
• Provision of expresser (loco compressor) of WDM2 locomotives with 40 HP slipring induction motor as distributed compressed air source, in lieu of centralized very high capacity of 160 LPM and above compressors in diesel loco shed, Guntakal. This scheme is also going to be implemented at C&W Depot for air testing.

Central Railway

Measures taken in Non-traction Energy Consumption.

The following measures are being taken to reduce non-traction energy consumption.

• Making user departments aware and accountable for use of electricity. Same is being reviewed during the Divisional meeting by DRMs.
• Daily monitoring of HT consumption at major load centers & take measures to control excess in consumption.
• Controlling the utilization of high mast lighting towers in good shed and other placed making accountable the user Department.
• Segregation of AC loads from non AC loads and monitoring the AC loads.
• Provision of T-5 fittings and CFLs and LED based lights.
• Monitoring reduction of use of geysers in rest house, running room etc.
• Planning to use instant type of geysers instead of storage type at Rest Houses etc.
• Provision of Electric geysers with hybrid system using solar energy to save the electricity and water.
• Providing occupancy censors in the chamber of officers which should control light and AC of the chamber.
• Use of star rated AC units and energy savers in places of intensive utilization.
• Control the utilization of pumps for supplying water to colonies/ Services Buildings etc.
• Fixing of quota for consumption at major consumption centers and monitored on daily basis.
• Removing of AC Units from non eligible locations, wherever appropriate.
• Street light control can be made through automatic timer settings.
• Use of energy efficient equipments to be planned, while planning the replacement of equipments.
• Platform lighting of 30% and 70% to be critically observed at all platforms to reduce consumption.
• Special attention to be given by workshop towards reduction in utilization of compressors plants, lighting, electric ovens, air circulators and machines etc.
• Energy auditing to be done at high utilization area and recommendations implemented.
• More proposals to be developed for non conventional energy sources like solar power/fittings/hybrid power with wind and solar etc. to save energy.

North Central Railway

Following measures/ steps have been taken by NCR to reduce non traction energy consumption:

• Smart sense GPS based energy monitoring system.
• Use of LED fittings at corridors, staircase, toilets, bathrooms,
• Street lights, circulating area in place of CFL/T-5/MH/HPSV Fittings.
• Use of Automatic Power factor correction panels in HT/LT substations.
• Replacement of old 90 watt ceiling fans by 60 watt ceiling fans.
• Use of electronic fan regulator in place of conventional fan regulator.
• 6Prov. Of LED based station name board in place of neon sign board.
• Timer switches on high mast towers-yard lighting/street lighting.
• Use of electronic ballast in place of conventional ballast in FTL circuits and Metal Halide circuits.
• Automation of pumps.
• Use of energy efficient pumps in place of old inefficient pumps.
• Use of copper wiring for quarters.
• Promote DELP Scheme.
• Use of 3 stars and above labeled electrical products and equipments.
• Energy Audit of major load centers

Western Railway

i) Energy efficiency /conservation measures

• In TRD for Energy Conservation purpose high pf of 0.98 lagging & above is maintained to avoid transmission and Distribution losses. For maintaining high PF, W. Rly is getting incentive/rebates about Rs. 2.32 cr /month in energy bills.
• At traction sub-station, standby transformer is kept switched off to avoid no load losses.
• OHE voltage is maintained within limits and low catenary voltage is avoided. Thus losses on account of high current due to low voltage are avoided.

Year wise consumption and SEC (non traction) of Western Railway is as under:

This has been achieved through number of green energy initiatives like provision of Solar power systems on stations, LC gates, provision of Solar street lights in colonies, stations, apart from conventional energy conservation measures like provision of LED fittings on stations, provision of Energy Efficient Light fittings, automation of pumps, provision of star rated equipments, automation of 70% lighting circuits on platforms through signaling system etc. on Western Railways.

Traction energy is consumed for hauling trains. Energy conservation measures for electric locomotive have been identified & action plan prepared. Highlights of action plan are as follows:

Running staff

• Correct accountal of GTKM by division taking FOIS load including CC+8+2 loading.
• Identification of location of coasting boards and provision of coasting boards.
• Fixing of trip ration load wise & section wise load. Monitoring & counseling of weak drivers.
• Switching OFF trailing locos in MU & Tripler while working single loco load/LE.
• Switching OFF aux. machines at stabling yards, trip shed, loco shed for detention more than 15”.
• Switching OFF locos while (Single, MU, Tripler) in any yards, loops trip sheds loco sheds if detentions more than 45”.
• 100% Use of DBR & Regenerative braking by loco pilot.

Operating staff

• Ensure timely taking ‘OFF’ of signals.
• Don’t regulate High speed freight train such as CONRAJ for giving preference to slow moving Mail/Express and Passenger trains.
• Inform crew about train regulation / detention in Yards / station so that crew can ‘SWITCH OFF’ blowers /locomotive as the case may be.
• Avoid ‘LIGHT’ running of locomotives
• Energy conservation by maximum possible coasting and efficient use of regenerative breaking for optimization of regeneration in 3-phase locos.

iii) Initiative taken for Energy audit

Guidelines issued vide BEE’s Regulation of 2010 for conducting energy audits are followed on Western Railway.

Energy Audits have already been already carried at following locations on Western Railway and the recommendations of the same are already implemented.

Following 25 locations have been identified for Energy Audit on Western Railway.